Improvement in governors for engines



2 Sheets--Sheet 1'. E. BU SS.

Governors f'o'r E ngines. NO. 140,467, Patentedlulyl,1873- 'mitmwm vlzwgufir, gM Wm! 2 Sheets--Sheet 2 E. BUSS.

M Gavernnrs for Engines. No. 140,467, 7 Patentedluly1,1873.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'EDWARD BUSS; OF BUCKAN MAGDEBURG, PRUSSIA, ASSIGNOR TO ARNOLDBUDENBERG, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

IMPRCVEMENT IN GOVERNORS FOR ENGINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 140,467, dated July 1,1873; application filed March 22, 1872.-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD BUSS, engineer, of Buckan Magdeburg, in theKingdom of Prussia, have invented an Improved Governor for Regulatingthe Speed of Engines, of which the following is a specification:

This invention rela es to a peculiar con struction of governor forregulating the speed of a steam-engine or other prime mover, withgreater precision than has hitherto been practicable, which isaccomplished by the use and application of a double-weighted pendulum orpendulums, so mounted and arranged upon a vertical revolving rod, thatthe utmost possible power is developed for overcoming the friction ofthe regulating-throttle or other description of admission-valve, whileat the same time the extremest sensibility of action is obtained. Thisgovernor is capable of beiugincreased or decreased in sensibility byadding more or less weight to its pendulums, and may accordingly beadjusted in power to suit the requirements of the engine, this latterbeing a qualification hitherto possessed by no other centrifugalgovernor.

Figure 1 is a front view, Fig. 2 a side view, and Fig. 3 a plan of thegovernor. Fig. 4 is front view, and Fig. 5 a plan, of one of thedouble-weighted pendulums used in its construction. I

Ais a vertical rod mounted in the pedestal B, and having a revolvingmotion imparted to it by the pulley O, or in any other convenl'entmanner. Upon the top of this revolving rod is fixed a cast-ironpendulum-support, D, consisting of four arms or branches, E, forcarrying the peculiar-shaped pendulums hereinafter described. Thesependulums, which are two in number, are each constructed (by preferenceof cast iron) with a barrel-shaped weight, F, and a ball-shaped weight,G, connected to gether by the peculiarly-twisted arm H, which is soarranged in order that each pendulum shall interlock as close aspossible into the other pendulum, on opposite sides of the vertical rodA, for which purpose the barrelweight F is also partially cut away, asseen at I, Figs. 4 and 5, to allow the arm H of the other pendulum toenter it. These pendulums are each provided with two sockets, J, (seeFig. 5,) branching from the arm H, into which sockets the extremities oftwo of the arms E of the pendulum-support D enter, when, by means of apin, K, passed through them, such pendulums are swung or supported uponthe pendulum-support D, with their respective weights F and G onopposite sides of the vertical rod A, each barrel-shaped weight beingdisposed and working up and down between the two sockets J of the otheror opposite pendulum. L is a collar mounted on the vertical rod A, uponwhich it isfree to slide up and down. This collar is connected to thethrottle or other valve by means of the ordinary forked lever M workingupon the bracket N, which projects from the pedestal B, and is alsojointed to each pendulum by means of a pin, 0, screwed through the sideofeach pendulumarm Gr into the head of a stud or set-screw, O secured inthe top of the neck P of such sliding collar, (see detached side view ofcollar,)

so that as the pendulums work up and down, or swing upon their axes orpins K, owing to the slightest variation in the speed of the engine, thesliding collar L is at the same time moved up and down, and so opens andcloses the throttle-valve. To prevent the too sudden action of thisgovernor, it is advisable to apply some modii'yin ginfluence, and thisisperfectly accomplished by means of the inclosed annular cylindricalvessel Q, which is partially filled with water, and has a space abovethe water divided by a partition, B, into two compartments, which arefilled with air, and communicate together through the small hole S. This"essel Q is mounted upon horizontal pivots '1, screwed into the bracketU projecting from the pedestalB, and is connected by means of thecrank-pin V and connecting-rod W to one extremity of the forked lever M,so that as the sliding collarL moves up and down this cylindrical vesselQ is caused to partially revolve upon its horizontal axis or pivots T,and any sudden movement of such sliding collar will cause the liquid torise in one compartment of the cylindrical vessel Q, and to sink in theother, so momentarily compressing the air and offering a resistanceuntil an equilibrium is reestablished by the air passing through thesmall hole S and exercising the same pressure again in bothcompartments. The peculiar action of thiscylind'er is to offer nopractical resistance to the action of the governor unless it has atendency to move too suddenly.

The action of this governor is as follows: The pulley (1, (which may befixed upon the upper extremity of the revolving rod A, when carriedthrough the pendulum-support I), as shown by the dotted lines in Fig.1,) having a strap passed round it fromthe engine requiring to beregulated, and the throttle or other description or regulating-valvebeing connected to the forked lever M, any augmentation of the speed ofthe prime mover will cause the pendulums of the governor to act, so thatthe ball-weights Gr move outward from the revolving rod A, while the twobarrelweights F rise in the direction of the arrows, consequently thesliding collar L is raised along the vertical rod A, and on thecontrary, when the angular speed diminishes, exactly the reverse takesplace.

This peculiar form of governor diifers from all others in its pendulumsbeing in a state of stable equilibrium when the center of gravity isabove the point of suspension, whatever may be the angular speed; and itis also characteristic in its highest equilibrium position occurringwhen the center of gravity stands vertically above such point ofsuspension; whereas, in all other governors, the highest equilibriumposition is when. the center of gravity is at the horizontal line ofsuspension or axis of oscillation, which can only be attained whenrevolving at a great angular velocity.

It will be apparant that as the weights of the pendulums are distributedon both sides of the revolving rod that it is possible to construct thisgovernor with only one pendulum, whereas the adoption of only onependulum is practically and theoretically impossible in governors ofother principles.

It may also be here stated that it is not imperative to construct theweights of the pendulums of the precise form illustrated on the drawing.

The component parts of this governor lie so close together that itsinertia is reduced to the minimum, and the friction and wear and tear ofthe working parts are considerably less than in any other centrifugalgovernor, owing to the small angle described by the pendulums.

' The point of suspension and the center of gravity in the pendulumsbeing nearly in a horizontal line the pendulums, therefore, act with agreat leverage, so producing more power for regulating purposes, for agiven weight of pendulum, than any other governor.

Variations of velocity, which are not perceptible to the naked eye, aresutficient in this governor to develop a power capable of overruling thefriction of a powerful lid or valve, whereas in the ball-governorshitherto in use considerable irregularities are allowed to take placebefore they are able to alter the posit-ion of the said lid or valve.

I claim- The combination of the pendulum-support D and arms E, with thedouble-weighted pendulums F and G, when arranged, mounted, and operatingsubstantially as and for the purpose described.

EDWARD BUSS,

Engineer. Vitnesses:

J OHN GUY WrLsoN, ARNOLD BUDENBERG.

